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"DISEASE OF THE CLAWS WITH DOMESTIQUE CARNIVORES

The diagnosis of disease of the claws with carnivorous often needs the histopathological examination of cutaneous lesions. In practice owing to the fact that the localization of lesions, an amputation-biopsy of third phalanx of one or sevral fingers is then necessary, to obtain amaterial enough representative. This can however to result in a discomfort for the animal... and for his master. A new technology of biopsy, less ruining because not calling for the amputation, is described here.

Diseases of the claws are relatively rare with the carnivorous. Clinical signs, univocals enough, are fissuring (onychoschisie), abnormal fragility (onychorrhexis), a deformation with curve (onychogryphosis), and then a stratum corneum of claw loss (onychomadèse). Causes of ungual attack with dog and cat are numerous: traumatisms, infections (bacteriums and fungus), parasites (leishmaniosis, hookworm), autoimmune illnesses (lupus discoid, pemphigus, pemphigoïde) etc. Sometime no cause is found, so we call of idiopathic (of unknown causation) onychodystrophy.

The microscopic observation of cutaneous lesions is often indispensable to obtain a final diagnosis of claws diseases. This examination needs the sampling of all the stratum corneum of claw, as well as the dorsal and ventral matrix and dorsal and ventral epidermis of the claw :

Claws

claws

The only sampling of stratum corneum of claw rarely allow to establish a diagnosis because epidermis and matrix lesions are not visibles.

So the amputation-biopsy of the third palanx is classically advised. It is a simple technology to use, but that is relatively painful, especially during numerous biopsies. Moreover, when lesions are discretes, some masters refuse the amputation of a finger of their animal...

A new biopsy technique

In this study (R. S. MUELLER, T. OLIVRY "Onychobiopsy without onychectomy : description of a new biopsy technique for canine claws". Proceedings 14th AAVD/ACVD Congress, Nashville, 1998, p. 81)" Ask your veterinary informations.

"All sampling obtained with this technique allowed to make histopathological examinations of quality, containing particularly enough ungual epithelium. Twenty eight dogs undergo biopsies with the help of this technique and no one presents lameness or discomfort when stitches claim (one week after the operation) and after several months of follow up. A postoperative pain in return was described during the first 48 hours.

This technique seems fast (less than 5 minutes with experience) and avoid the useless amputation of third phalanx. So it may be try in case of numerous claws sampling, the amputation causing a marked discomfort for the dog during the days that follow the operation, and then a long-term lameness.

In return amputation of third phalanx is probably a simpless technique when only one finger is affected, or the master are not opposed to this chirurgical gesture.

Emmanuel BENSIGNOR."

These informations come from "La Semaine vétérinaire" n°926 of february 26th of 1999.

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